Can high blood sugar cause bacterial infection?

People who have had diabetes for a long time may have peripheral nerve damage and reduced blood flow to their extremities, which increases the chance for infection. The high sugar levels in your blood and tissues allow bacteria to grow and allow infections to develop more quickly.

apic.org - Diabetes, infections, and you - APIC

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What is diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic disease in which blood glucose (a type of sugar) levels are above normal levels. In people who have diabetes, the pancreas either doesn’t make enough insulin (a hormone that helps glucose get the cells of our bodies), or it doesn’t use insulin as well as it should. This can cause sugar to build up in the blood and lead to serious health complications like blindness, heart disease, kidney failure, and lower-extremity amputations.

Most cases of diabetes fall into two broad categories:

Type 1 diabetes

In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. The body breaks down the sugars and starches you eat into a simple sugar called glucose, which it uses for energy. Insulin is a hormone that the body needs to get glucose from the bloodstream into the cells of the body.

Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body does not use insulin properly. This is called insulin resistance. At first, your pancreas makes extra insulin to make up for it. But, over time it isn’t able to keep up and can’t make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose at normal levels.

Why are people with diabetes more prone to infections?

High blood sugar levels can weaken a person’s immune system defenses. People who have had diabetes for a long time may have peripheral nerve damage and reduced blood flow to their extremities, which increases the chance for infection. The high sugar levels in your blood and tissues allow bacteria to grow and allow infections to develop more quickly.

What are common infections for people with diabetes?

The most common infections in people with diabetes include:

Ear, nose, and throat infections: Fungal infections of the nose and throat are seen almost exclusively in patients with diabetes. Symptoms include severe ear pain and ear discharge. Fungal infections of the nose and throat are seen almost exclusively in patients with diabetes. Symptoms include severe ear pain and ear discharge. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Uncontrolled diabetes is one of the major causes for UTIs. These UTIs are commonly caused by germs such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, and Candida. Kidney infections and inflammation of the bladder are also common. Uncontrolled diabetes is one of the major causes for UTIs. These UTIs are commonly caused by germs such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, and Candida. Kidney infections and inflammation of the bladder are also common. Skin and soft tissue infections: People with diabetes are at risk for infections and wounds in the leg (also called diabetic foot). Repeated trauma and poor footwear can lead to these infections. If these infections aren’t treated promptly and properly, it can result in the need to amputate.

How can people with diabetes prevent infection?

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How can I reverse ketoacidosis at home?

How can you care for yourself at home? Take your insulin and diabetes medicines. ... Drink extra fluids to prevent dehydration. ... Try to eat as you normally do, with a focus on healthy food choices. Check your blood sugar at least every 3 to 4 hours. ... Check your temperature and pulse often. More items...

myhealth.alberta.ca - Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Care Instructions - My Health Alberta

Overview

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) happens when the body does not have enough insulin and can't get the sugar it needs for energy. When the body can't use sugar for energy, it starts to use fat for energy. This process makes fatty acids called ketones. The ketones build up in the blood and change the chemical balance in your body. This problem can be very dangerous and needs to be treated. Without treatment, it can lead to a coma or death. DKA occurs most often in people with type 1 diabetes. But people with type 2 diabetes also can get it. DKA can be caused by many things. It can happen if you don't take enough insulin. It can also happen if you have an infection or illness like influenza (flu). Sometimes it happens if you are very dehydrated. DKA can only be treated with insulin and fluids. These are often given in a vein (IV).

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