Keto Means
Keto Means
Photo: Sarah Trummer
Though some individuals may not appreciate their slow metabolisms, a new study suggests that humans and other primates – who burn 50% fewer calories each day than other mammals – have such long lives because of their curiously slow metabolisms.
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Read More »Though some individuals may not appreciate their slow metabolisms, a new study suggests that humans and other primates – who burn 50% fewer calories each day than other mammals – have such long lives because of their curiously slow metabolisms. Publishing their results in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the international team of scientists says burning fewer calories may also explain why primates grow up so slowly. Though our pet dogs, cats or hamsters progress to adulthood much faster than we do, reproduce at a faster rate and sadly, die long before we will, humans and other primates – such as apes, monkeys and lemurs – have relatively long childhoods, do not reproduce as frequently and live longer lives. The researchers note that the slow pace of the primate life has baffled biologists, as the underlying reasons for it were unclear. In order to better understand, the researchers examined 17 different primate species in zoos and sanctuaries, as well as in the wild, to assess their daily energy expenditure and determine whether their slow pace of life could be attributed to a slow metabolism. Slow metabolic rate contributes to slow pace of aging They employed a technique called “doubly labeled water,” which is non-invasive and tracks the body’s production of carbon dioxide. Using this technique, they were able to measure the calories that the primates burned for a duration of 10 days. After establishing daily expenditure rates in primates, the team compared them with the rates of other mammals. According to Herman Pontzer, lead author of the study and anthropologist at Hunter College in New York, the results surprised them: “Humans, chimpanzees, baboons, and other primates expend only half the calories we’d expect for a mammal. To put that in perspective, a human – even someone with a very physically active lifestyle – would need to run a marathon each day just to approach the average daily energy expenditure of a mammal their size.” The researchers say that this reduction in primates’ metabolic rate explains their slow pace of life, and they add that energy expenditure can contribute to aging – as all organisms need energy to grow and reproduce. “The environmental conditions favoring reduced energy expenditures may hold a key to understanding why primates, including humans, evolved this slower pace of life,” says David Raichlen, co-author of the study and anthropologist from the University of Arizona.
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Read More »For example, aerobic capacity declined 3% to 6% each decade in the 20s and 30s, but after age 70 the rate of decline accelerated to more than 20% per decade. The study also showed that after age 40, men's fitness levels declined at a faster rate than women, regardless of their level of physical activity.
July 25, 2005 -- Our fitness levels naturally begin a slow decline after our 20s and plummet once we reach our 70s, according to a new study. But the good news is that regular exercise may compensate for some of those natural losses and help your body feel years younger. Researchers measured the decline in maximum exercise capacity -- as measured by VO2 max, which measures the amount of oxygen the body consumes during peak exercise performance. While age per se results in a decrease in maximum exercise capacity, age-related decreases in the amount of muscle and vigorous physical activity also contribute to this decline, write the authors. As maximum exercise capacity declines, physical activity and fitness levels generally decline as it takes more effort to exercise or walk up a flight of stairs, and a person becomes more easily exhausted. "This study does not mean that older people can't improve their fitness," says researcher Jerome L. Fleg, MD, a cardiologist at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in Bethesda, Md., in a news release.
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