Keto Means
Keto Means
Photo: Picas Joe
Ketogenic diets are very low carbohydrate, high fat, moderate protein diets used to treat medication-resistant epilepsy. Growing evidence suggests that one of the ketogenic diet's main mechanisms of action is reducing inflammation.
Drinks You Should Try to Avoid on the Keto Diet Dairy milk is also high in carbs, so it's not keto-friendly. Oct 25, 2022
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Best Vegetables on the Keto Diet Try to include 3 to 5 servings of vegetables a day of some of our favorite low-carb veggies: Spinach. Kale....
Read More »All procedures were performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Trinity College (A3869-01). Male Sprague–Dawley rats and male C57Bl/6 mice were bred in-house (original stock from Charles River), and pair-housed (rats) or group-housed (mice) in 12 h:12 h light:dark conditions. Treatment started at 10–16 week of age (rats) or 6–8 week (mice). Animals remained on their control diet (CD; LabDiet 5001) or were switched to a KD (BioServ 3666); all diets were provided ad libitum. KD was replaced daily. Diet treatment proceeded for three or four weeks before behavioral studies began, and continued through the end of experimentation. Animals were gently handled daily for several days before testing, to reduce handling stress during behavioral studies and to make animals docile for paw volume testing. All testing occurred during the lights-on period of the daily cycle. For rats, 100 µl complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA; Thermo Scientific, 0.5 mg/ml) was injected intraplantar into the right hindpaw with the needle tip as close to the center of the footpads as possible; for mice, injections were similar apart from reducing the dose of CFA to 20 μl. All CFA injections were performed in the morning to keep the four h time point well within the light cycle. Volumes of rat right hindpaws before CFA injection did not differ between CD- and KD-fed groups (p > 0.50), such that the 100 µl dose of CFA can be considered equivalent in the two groups. Before tactile sensitivity testing, rats were habituated by being brought in their home cage into the testing room for 15 min, then placed on an elevated mesh stand in 20 × 20 × 12 cm acrylic enclosures (to minimize locomotion; IITC) for another 15 min; mice were habituated by being placed on the mesh stand in 10 × 10 × 12 cm acrylic enclosures (IITC) for 60 min. At various times before and after CFA injection, tactile sensitivity was measured with an electronic von Frey probe (IITC, Fig. 1). The rigid von Frey probe was applied alternately to each hindpaw until the animal either withdrew the paw or allowed it to be lifted by the probe; the maximum force on each trial was recorded. Three trials with no less than a 120 s intertrial interval occurred per hindpaw. If the animal began to take a step or otherwise shift its position during a trial, that trial was repeated. Figure 1 Timeline of experimental procedures in rats and mice. Full size image
This week you will continue to enjoy the same meat, veggies, nuts, cheese, cream, bacon, avocados, and other high fat, medium protein, and low carb...
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To the uninitiated, FUPA is an acronym for “fat upper pubic area.” Technically, it is called the panniculus. It's a loose layer of fat in the lower...
Read More »In rats, spontaneous pain behavior was assessed 48 h prior to and 24 h after CFA injection. After a 15 min habituation to the testing room, animals were placed singly in 19 × 29 × 13 cm clear-bottom cages for 30 min and filmed vertically from below. Later, videos were watched for indications of spontaneous pain for 60 s every five minutes; videos were watched by two scorers who were independent and blind to dietary treatment and pre- versus post-CFA state. Epochs with grooming or locomotion were avoided. Position of each hindpaw was placed into the following categories: 0, normal weight bearing; 1, light weight bearing; 2, only paw edge touching floor; 3, paw nearly raised off floor; 4, paw completely raised; 5, licking raised paw, and time spent in each position was recorded. For each observed minute, a weighted pain score was calculated (t 1 + 2t 2 + … 5t 5 , in which t x is the time spent in category x) and averaged across the six observed minutes39. This test was not used in mice as preliminary experiments indicated that mouse paws were too small to reliably distinguish the categories. In rodents, ongoing painful states interfere with ongoing behavior40,41,42. We assessed this effect in mice with marble burying43,44,45 at the indicated times (Fig. 1). Animals were habituated to the testing room for 30 min, then placed individually in 19 × 29 × 13 cm cages for 30 min. These cages had a 3 × 5 array of 1.6 cm diameter black marbles placed on five cm of wood ship bedding. Photos were taken vertically from above before and after the session and analyzed with Photoshop. The quick selection tool was used to measure the total number of pixels associated with the black marbles, and the polygonal lasso tool was used to measure the number of pixels of the bedding field; the number of marble pixels was expressed as a percentage of the entire field’s pixels. This calculation was performed on before and after pictures, with the comparative decrease in the marble percentage compared to before indicating the amount of burying. Data from two mice that demonstrated very little burying in the baseline test were excluded from analysis. The marble burying test was not used in rats as preliminary experiments indicated that rats did virtually no burying under our conditions. Volumes of rat hindpaws were measured by water volume displacement in 25 ml graduated cylinders 24 h prior to and 50 h after CFA injection. At sacrifice of subjects, glucose and the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate were measured in tail vein blood with Precision Xtra meters (Abbott).
For people following a keto diet, choose an alcoholic drink that is low in carbs to stay within the limits of the diet. Beer and cocktails can...
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You could opt for a drizzle of olive oil, mashed avocado, hummus or even low-fat cottage cheese. But many people would prefer dairy butter,...
Read More »T-tests were used for CD versus KD comparisons, with significance indicated by pound signs. For comparisons of post-CFA time points to baseline time points, multiple Bonferroni comparisons were made, with significance indicated by asterisks. Comparisons were considered significant if p < 0.05. All data are presented as mean ± standard error.
By 2050, individuals will be eating cultured, or cultivated, meat, high-protein insects, seaweed, algae, and allergen-free nuts. All of this food...
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Botanically speaking, tomatoes are considered a fruit. However, unlike other fruit, they're considered keto-friendly. That's because tomatoes...
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Your blood sugar will spike, making an abundance of quick energy available and causing your body to switch back to glucose as a source of fuel....
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Peanut butter can definitely be part of a keto diet, but it's best to stick to plain options that are free of extra flavors and sweeteners. Almond...
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