The keto diet could cause low blood pressure, kidney stones, constipation, nutrient deficiencies and an increased risk of heart disease. Strict diets like keto could also cause social isolation or disordered eating. Keto is not safe for those with any conditions involving their pancreas, liver, thyroid or gallbladder.
Fad diets often come with big promises of weight loss and optimum health, but at what risks? University of Chicago Medicine Ingalls Memorial dietitians say the ketogenic or keto diet, which has gained popularity in the last several years, is extremely strict and difficult to maintain.
What is the keto diet?
Rachel Kleinman, RDN, LDN, clinical dietitian at Ingalls, said the keto diet is primarily used to manage seizures in children with epilepsy. Research on the diet’s effectiveness in treating obesity or diabetes is limited.
What is ketosis?
Ketosis is a metabolic adaptation to allow the body to survive in a period of famine. Your body will break down ketone bodies, a type of fuel the liver produces from fat, instead of sugar or glucose from carbohydrates.
To achieve ketosis, the diet requires you eat 75 percent of your calories from fat, compared to 20-35 percent normally. It also requires 5 percent of calories from carbohydrates, about 20-50 grams per day, and 15 percent of calories from protein. Kleinman said it takes about 72 hours for ketosis to kick in. “It’s really an all or nothing diet,” Kleinman said.
People following the keto diet should be eating foods like fatty fish, eggs, dairy, meat, butter, oils, nuts, seeds and low-carb vegetables. “Fat bombs” like unsweetened chocolate or coconut oil can help people reach their daily goals for fat intake. Keto-compliant foods like red meats and nuts can be costly, Kleinman said. Keto-branded products like keto coffee and other supplemental products are also both costly and unnecessary.
Is the keto diet healthy?
Wellness Dietitian Mary Condon, RN, LDN, said the keto diet may result in weight loss and lower blood sugars, but it’s a quick fix. “More often than not, it’s not sustainable. Oftentimes weight gain may come back, and you’ll gain more than what you lost,” Condon said.
Condon said you should always consult your primary care doctor before starting any new diet.
What are the dangers of the keto diet?
“If you are on diabetic medication that causes low blood sugar, those meds may need to be adjusted within a few days,” Condon said. “There are heart-healthy sources of fat, however if that person is not educated on heart-healthy sources of fat, they may consume excessive amounts of saturated fats that can increase your risk of heart disease,” Condon said.
Is the keto diet safe?
The keto diet could cause low blood pressure, kidney stones, constipation, nutrient deficiencies and an increased risk of heart disease. Strict diets like keto could also cause social isolation or disordered eating. Keto is not safe for those with any conditions involving their pancreas, liver, thyroid or gallbladder.
Kleinman said someone new to the keto diet can also experience what’s called the “keto flu” with symptoms like upset stomach, dizziness, decreased energy, and mood swings caused by your body adapting to ketosis.
Is the keto diet bad for you?
Both Condon and Kleinman said they wouldn’t recommend the keto diet to their patients because it is ultimately not realistic or sustainable. The diet restricts fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains and low fat dairy that can help with long term weight loss and overall health.
“There’s not one diet that’s good for everyone,” Kleinman said. “Do your research, consult a dietitian, discuss with your doctor, and make sure you’re being safe.”
Call the Health and Nutrition Experts atUChicago Medicine Ingalls Memorial at 708-915-8850 to discuss nutrition counseling programs offered to meet your personalized needs.
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Touted by celebrities as a quick way to lose substantial weight, the ketogenic diet might seem counterintuitive to good heart health.
After all, it’s a low-carb, high-fat diet rich in meats, eggs, nuts and dairy. Fruits, root vegetables, grain products and legumes all are prohibited.
The intake is designed to trigger the metabolic state of ketosis, a process that occurs when the body burns off fat as an alternate source of energy. Typically, that source is a person’s carbohydrate intake, which is converted into glucose and absorbed into the bloodstream.
Although the “keto” diet has some detractors — fitness guru Jillian Michaels has slammed the regimen in recent months — it has produced results for clients of Susan Ryskamp, M.S., RDN, a dietician at the University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center.
“It can be very effective in treating and supporting weight loss,” Ryskamp says, noting that the act of ketosis “kind of mimics a fasting state in the body.”
What does that mean for your heart?
Losing even a moderate amount of weight on the keto diet can help lessen cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure and, according to a 2017 study, result in lower LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and higher HDL cholesterol, which helps protect against heart disease.
A keto diet can also lower elevated blood sugar linked to artery-damaging inflammation.
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Photo: Polina Zimmerman
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